Courtesy of F1 Technical:
Most pole positions per season
Williams F1 (1992* & 1993) and McLaren (1988 & 1999) managed to get 15 poles in a season
Most consecutive pole positions
Williams F1 got 24 poles one after another in the seasons 1992 and 1993
*In 1992 Nigel Mansell got 14 of them, still a record.