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I don't know whether he'd have retired but he wouldn't have kept second place either. It's been somewhat forgotten that while Senna was catching Prost, Bellof was was catching and lapping faster than both... It would have been ingteresting to see how that one would have worked out had the race concluded with Bellof the winner, with Tyrrell later being excluded from the championship. Would Bellof have keptthe win, in the same way Schumacher in 97 had his championship points erased but his wins that year maintained?
Prost did have troubles with his brakes at that race, which were affected by excessive cooling. McLaren were (I think) the first team to use full carbon brakes, something at the time in its infancy in F1. Definitely advantageous performance-wise but with a much narrower operating temperature than steel brakes. Great on "normal" tracks but a handicap on street circuits. and totally unadapted to a wet Monaco track.